# Latest **URL:** https://openfhe.discourse.group/latest.md [Latest](https://openfhe.discourse.group/latest.md) · [Categories](https://openfhe.discourse.group/categories.md) · [Tags](https://openfhe.discourse.group/tags.md) --- ## [Welcome to Discourse](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/welcome-to-discourse/7)
**Author:** [@system](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/system)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 7, 2022, 11:41pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/welcome-to-discourse/7 "2022-07-07T23:41:05Z")
This site is a place for discussions around the decelopment and use of OpenFHE. Here you will stay informed on new releases, receive community announcements, see highlighted projects, as well as interact with fellow user… --- ## [Interested in implementing the CMT FBT large LUT evaluation method](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/interested-in-implementing-the-cmt-fbt-large-lut-evaluation-method/2387)
**Author:** [@Ishan](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/Ishan)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 23, 2026, 2:52am UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/interested-in-implementing-the-cmt-fbt-large-lut-evaluation-method/2387 "2026-09-23T02:52:45Z")
Hi, Came across issue #1228 and after reading the paper ( Evaluating Larger Lookup Tables using CKKS ) for the last week, I am interested in implementing the CMT FBT method for LUT evaluation. I have also been going th… --- ## [Upcoming webinar on efficient low-level arithmetic for FHE with NVIDIA and Fair Math](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/upcoming-webinar-on-efficient-low-level-arithmetic-for-fhe-with-nvidia-and-fair-math/2386)
**Author:** [@ypolyakov](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/ypolyakov)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 15, 2026, 1:13pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/upcoming-webinar-on-efficient-low-level-arithmetic-for-fhe-with-nvidia-and-fair-math/2386 "2026-09-15T13:13:35Z")
We will host an OpenFHE webinar on efficient low-level arithmetic for FHE on Sept 16 ad 10AM EDT. You can register now here. Yarkin Doroz from NVIDIA will share FHE-specific details on the launch of cuPQC 0.6, which now… --- ## [Hello from Ethiopia - New OpenFHE Community Member](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/hello-from-ethiopia-new-openfhe-community-member/2382)
**Author:** [@Ibnutesfaye](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/Ibnutesfaye)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 8, 2026, 4:01pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/hello-from-ethiopia-new-openfhe-community-member/2382 "2026-09-08T16:01:49Z")
Hello everyone, My name is Abdurezak Tesfaye, and I am an Information Systems student from Ethiopia. I recently started learning OpenFHE and Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). I am passionate about privacy-preserving … --- ## [Policy for finding bugs in the repository](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/policy-for-finding-bugs-in-the-repository/2371)
**Author:** [@marcos](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/marcos)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [September 8, 2026, 3:54pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/policy-for-finding-bugs-in-the-repository/2371 "2026-09-08T15:54:29Z")
I was thinking about casually pointing my agents for finding bugs in the repository. Is there a policy or guidelines on how to do this? --- ## [CKKS ReKeyGen throws mismatched RingDimension for Keys of the same CryptoContext using the Python wrapper](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/ckks-rekeygen-throws-mismatched-ringdimension-for-keys-of-the-same-cryptocontext-using-the-python-wrapper/2350)
**Author:** [@McMiTb](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/McMiTb)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [August 12, 2026, 9:39pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/ckks-rekeygen-throws-mismatched-ringdimension-for-keys-of-the-same-cryptocontext-using-the-python-wrapper/2350 "2026-08-12T21:39:40Z")
Hello, I want to do a Proxy ReEncryption using the CKKS scheme with the official OpenFHE python wrapper. However, whenever I try to call the ReKeyGen() method I either get a RingDimension mismatch followed by a SIGABRT … --- ## [Serialization: Overview](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/serialization-overview/2339)
**Author:** [@tomfi](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/tomfi)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [August 3, 2026, 7:00pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/serialization-overview/2339 "2026-08-03T19:00:46Z")
Hello everyone, I have question regarding serialization of OpenFHE objects. We (@tomfi, @sloede ) are currently implementing serialization in SecureArithmetic.jl / Openfhe.jl. But our current implementation seems unnec… --- ## [Coeffs polynomial mult in CKKS](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/coeffs-polynomial-mult-in-ckks/2349)
**Author:** [@narger](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/narger)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [August 3, 2026, 6:40pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/coeffs-polynomial-mult-in-ckks/2349 "2026-08-03T18:40:28Z")
Hi all! I have a question about polynomial mult in CKKS. in particular I’d have to multiply two plaintexts p, \\hat{p} to obtain p \\cdot \\hat{p} \\bmod \\mathbb{Z}\[X\]/(X^N+1), not in slot-wise. As far as I am aware this c… --- ## [Call for Papers Reminder: WAHC 2026 Deadline Approaching - July 19, 2026](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/call-for-papers-reminder-wahc-2026-deadline-approaching-july-19-2026/2340)
**Author:** [@krohloff](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/krohloff)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 10, 2026, 1:04am UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/call-for-papers-reminder-wahc-2026-deadline-approaching-july-19-2026/2340 "2026-07-10T01:04:44Z")
The submission deadline for our community’s primary dedicated research workshop—the 14th Workshop on Encrypted Computing & Applied Homomorphic Cryptography (WAHC)—is just around the corner on July 19, 2026. We are thril… --- ## [Performance regression from v1.4.0 to v1.5.1](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/performance-regression-from-v1-4-0-to-v1-5-1/2338)
**Author:** [@adriannic](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/adriannic)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [July 6, 2026, 10:55pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/performance-regression-from-v1-4-0-to-v1-5-1/2338 "2026-07-06T22:55:35Z")
Solved by pull request #1213 Benchmarks used: GitHub - adriannic/openfhe-bench: Personal benchmark suite for openfhe · GitHub Benchmark results: OpenFHE Benchmarks - Google Sheets While running benchmarks to make a pe… --- ## [Ring-switching in CKKS](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/ring-switching-in-ckks/2337)
**Author:** [@ManhBui](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/ManhBui)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [July 6, 2026, 10:53pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/ring-switching-in-ckks/2337 "2026-07-06T22:53:02Z")
Hi OpenFHE team, I am currently exploring CKKS implementations for privacy-preserving inference of large foundation models, especially Transformer/LLM inference. I have a question about whether OpenFHE currently support… --- ## [What is the purpose of Block classes?](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/what-is-the-purpose-of-block-classes/2330)
**Author:** [@nbui](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/nbui)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [June 25, 2026, 10:18pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/what-is-the-purpose-of-block-classes/2330 "2026-06-25T22:18:46Z")
I see that there are BlockCTArray, BlockPTArray, BlockFHETensor classes in the Git repo. The classes don’t seem to have an implementation. I was wondering if what the purpose of these classes will be? I’m working on a p… --- ## [Power does not work as documented](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/power-does-not-work-as-documented/2336)
**Author:** [@nbui](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/nbui)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 25, 2026, 10:16pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/power-does-not-work-as-documented/2336 "2026-06-25T22:16:14Z")
OpenFHE-Numpy documentation for power says that it performs “element-wise power.” However, onp.power performs a series of matrix multiplications instead. Minimum reproducible code: import numpy as np from openfhe import… --- ## [Issues with Quickstart code example](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/issues-with-quickstart-code-example/2327)
**Author:** [@nbui](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/nbui)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 25, 2026, 10:42am UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/issues-with-quickstart-code-example/2327 "2026-06-25T10:42:46Z")
The quickstart example at Quick Start — OpenFHE-Numpy 1.4.0.3 documentation does not run. There is a segfault on import caused by importing openfhe\_numpy before openfhe. After switching the import statements, there is an… --- ## [Matmul operation does not always give correct result](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/matmul-operation-does-not-always-give-correct-result/2332)
**Author:** [@nbui](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/nbui)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 25, 2026, 10:40am UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/matmul-operation-does-not-always-give-correct-result/2332 "2026-06-25T10:40:48Z")
Depending on how the CTArray is initialized, the result of matrix multiplication may be incorrect (does not match the result from numpy matmul). Is this by design, or is this a bug? Batch size: 16384 Starting matrix A: … --- ## [RAM consumption for CKKS Bootstrapping KeyGen](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/ram-consumption-for-ckks-bootstrapping-keygen/2328)
**Author:** [@Amaiafm](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/Amaiafm)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [June 18, 2026, 2:51pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/ram-consumption-for-ckks-bootstrapping-keygen/2328 "2026-06-18T14:51:48Z")
Hi everyone, I am using OpenFHE via Python and trying to approximate the RAM consumption during EvalBootstrapKeyGen(). The cryptocontext I am using is CKKS. Memory usage is the most critical factor for my current projec… --- ## [Sirraya HE Playground – Browser-Based RNS BFV Playground (WASM)](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/sirraya-he-playground-browser-based-rns-bfv-playground-wasm/2333)
**Author:** [@amir-hameed-mir](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/amir-hameed-mir)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 14, 2026, 11:27am UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/sirraya-he-playground-browser-based-rns-bfv-playground-wasm/2333 "2026-06-14T11:27:19Z")
Hello OpenFHE community, We would like to share the Sirraya HE Playground, an educational browser-based implementation of RNS BFV that runs entirely in WebAssembly (WASM). Demo: https://www.sirraya.org/he-playground C… --- ## [OpenFHE webinar on Private LLM inference](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/openfhe-webinar-on-private-llm-inference/2331)
**Author:** [@ypolyakov](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/ypolyakov)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 11, 2026, 12:49pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/openfhe-webinar-on-private-llm-inference/2331 "2026-06-11T12:49:39Z")
We will have our second OpenFHE webinar on June 24 at 10:00AM EDT. The topic is Private LLM Inference using Fully Homomorphic Encryption. We will discuss the results of our recent comprehensive study published at https:/… --- ## [\[Potential Bug Report\] Two potential FIXEDMANUAL bugs in CKKS (bootstrap nsd, EvalLinearWSumMutable crash)](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/potential-bug-report-two-potential-fixedmanual-bugs-in-ckks-bootstrap-nsd-evallinearwsummutable-crash/2326)
**Author:** [@BurakK](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/BurakK)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 9, 2026, 6:52pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/potential-bug-report-two-potential-fixedmanual-bugs-in-ckks-bootstrap-nsd-evallinearwsummutable-crash/2326 "2026-06-09T18:52:59Z")
Hi all, I ran into two issues with FIXEDMANUAL that I believe may be bugs, but I’d like confirmation before opening GitHub issues. Tested on a recent dev clone (commit hash 6ba41303), and main clone (commit hash ed361af… --- ## [Multiparty sceheme switching non probibalistic?](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/multiparty-sceheme-switching-non-probibalistic/2325)
**Author:** [@ctgryt](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/ctgryt)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [June 8, 2026, 3:25pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/multiparty-sceheme-switching-non-probibalistic/2325 "2026-06-08T15:25:16Z")
Hello, my question is regarding whether there exists a method or set of parameters in this library that allow a client and server to compare two values and return true or false. The use case is a follows. A server holds… --- ## [FHE And Databases](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/fhe-and-databases/2321)
**Author:** [@KitchM](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/KitchM)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [May 26, 2026, 5:19pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/fhe-and-databases/2321 "2026-05-26T17:19:36Z")
Can FHE be used to query an encrypted database and to add encrypted records, and it so, is this trivial or an intensive process? Thank you. --- ## [FFT on ciphertexts](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/fft-on-ciphertexts/2320)
**Author:** [@Lena](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/Lena)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [May 26, 2026, 4:44pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/fft-on-ciphertexts/2320 "2026-05-26T16:44:30Z")
Is there an implementation in OpenFHE that performs FFT on ciphertexts? --- ## [Possible Use Case for My Master's Degree Thesis](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/possible-use-case-for-my-masters-degree-thesis/1586)
**Author:** [@DenisRed](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/DenisRed)\ **Replies:** 9\ **Last updated:** [May 26, 2026, 2:08pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/possible-use-case-for-my-masters-degree-thesis/1586 "2026-05-26T14:08:25Z")
Hello everyone, I’m new in the FHE universe and started the challenge of conducting an implementation evaluation of a specific use case. The use case is as follows: A solution for kNN queries (k-nearest neighbor) usin… --- ## [What operating systems does OpenFHE support?](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/what-operating-systems-does-openfhe-support/678)
**Author:** [@ypolyakov](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/ypolyakov)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [May 26, 2026, 2:05pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/what-operating-systems-does-openfhe-support/678 "2026-05-26T14:05:06Z")
Supported Operating Systems (Installation — OpenFHE documentation) OpenFHE CI continually tests our builds on the following operating systems: Ubuntu \[18.04\] \[20.04\] macOS \[Mojave\] Centos 7 NVIDIA Xavier \[Linux for Teg… --- ## [OpenFHE webinar series](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/openfhe-webinar-series/2319)
**Author:** [@ypolyakov](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/ypolyakov)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [May 20, 2026, 1:35pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/openfhe-webinar-series/2319 "2026-05-20T13:35:01Z")
We are launching a monthly OpenFHE webinar series on June 3. In the series, we are planning to cover topics such as FHE hardware acceleration, private LLM inference, latest cryptographic advances implemented in OpenFHE, … --- ## [Subject: Seeking help: Segmentation fault in homomorphic PageRank with patched OpenFHE v1.2.3 for large graphs](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/subject-seeking-help-segmentation-fault-in-homomorphic-pagerank-with-patched-openfhe-v1-2-3-for-large-graphs/2263)
**Author:** [@XuetaoCHEN](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/XuetaoCHEN)\ **Replies:** 9\ **Last updated:** [May 15, 2026, 11:15am UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/subject-seeking-help-segmentation-fault-in-homomorphic-pagerank-with-patched-openfhe-v1-2-3-for-large-graphs/2263 "2026-05-15T11:15:14Z")
Hello OpenFHE community, I’m working on implementing a homomorphic PageRank algorithm using OpenFHE and encountering an issue that I hope some of you might have insights into. Context: I’ve implemented PageRank usin… --- ## [RFC: branch-free modular primitives on the decrypt path (constant-time hardening)](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/rfc-branch-free-modular-primitives-on-the-decrypt-path-constant-time-hardening/2316)
**Author:** [@bader](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/bader)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [April 29, 2026, 8:14pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/rfc-branch-free-modular-primitives-on-the-decrypt-path-constant-time-hardening/2316 "2026-04-29T20:14:58Z")
Hi all, I've prepared a constant-time hardening of the modular primitives. Data-dependent branches are replaced with bitmask-select plus a compiler barrier that survives \`-O0..-Ofast\` on GCC and Clang. ## Branch http… --- ## [BFV Plaintext Modulus](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/bfv-plaintext-modulus/2315)
**Author:** [@fishr](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/fishr)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 29, 2026, 6:45pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/bfv-plaintext-modulus/2315 "2026-04-29T18:45:54Z")
Hello everyone, I’m currently struggling with understanding why my ciphertexts are not decrypting correctly. The library API does not report any errors. Here is the minimal example: #include \ using namespa… --- ## [Implement CKKS- coefficient encoding multiplication](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/implement-ckks-coefficient-encoding-multiplication/2164)
**Author:** [@sihyeok](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/sihyeok)\ **Replies:** 3\ **Last updated:** [April 29, 2026, 4:49pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/implement-ckks-coefficient-encoding-multiplication/2164 "2026-04-29T16:49:28Z")
I want to implement an inner product using CKKS coefficient encoding (i.e., encode vectors as polynomial coefficients, multiply polynomials, and extract the relevant coefficient). Furthermore, I want to implement them i… --- ## [Understanding CKKS precision limits for large magnitude values](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/understanding-ckks-precision-limits-for-large-magnitude-values/2313)
**Author:** [@Claire](https://openfhe.discourse.group/u/Claire)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 22, 2026, 3:41pm UTC](https://openfhe.discourse.group/t/understanding-ckks-precision-limits-for-large-magnitude-values/2313 "2026-04-22T15:41:59Z")
Hello, I am trying to understand the practical limitations on double-precision values when using CKKS. In standard 64-bit floating-point arithmetic, we have a 52-bit mantissa. However, in CKKS, due to ciphertext repres… [Next page](https://openfhe.discourse.group/latest.md?page=1)